Chapter 6 CC18 - Revision history

Michael: /* Exercise 5: Tracing an image and creating a clipping mask */ Text Edits

2018-09-07T22:23:28Z

Exercise 5: Tracing an image and creating a clipping mask: Text Edits

Michael: /* Exercise 4: Curves and angles */ Text edits

2018-09-07T22:22:21Z

Exercise 4: Curves and angles: Text edits

Michael: /* Exercise 3: Curves */ Text Edits

2018-09-07T22:21:27Z

Exercise 3: Curves: Text Edits

Michael: /* Exercise 2: Recreating straight lines with the Pen Tool */ Text Edits

2018-09-07T22:18:23Z

Exercise 2: Recreating straight lines with the Pen Tool: Text Edits

Michael: /* Exercise 1: Gesture drawings on a template layer */ Text Edits

2018-09-07T22:13:59Z

Exercise 1: Gesture drawings on a template layer: Text Edits

Michael: /* Exercise 5: Tracing an image and creating a clipping mask */ Bolded numbers, text edits and updated screenshots

2018-07-11T18:16:39Z

Exercise 5: Tracing an image and creating a clipping mask: Bolded numbers, text edits and updated screenshots

Michael: /* Exercise 4: Curves and angles */ Bolded numbers, text edits and updated screenshots

2018-07-11T18:07:50Z

Exercise 4: Curves and angles: Bolded numbers, text edits and updated screenshots

Michael: /* Exercise 3: Curves */ Bolded numbers, text edits and updated screenshots.

2018-07-11T18:02:49Z

Exercise 3: Curves: Bolded numbers, text edits and updated screenshots.

Michael: /* Exercise 2: Recreating straight lines with the Pen Tool */ Bolded numbers and updated screenshots

2018-07-11T17:52:40Z

Exercise 2: Recreating straight lines with the Pen Tool: Bolded numbers and updated screenshots

Michael: /* Exercise 1: Gesture drawings on a template layer */ Fixed table tips

2018-07-11T17:33:22Z

Exercise 1: Gesture drawings on a template layer: Fixed table tips

@@ Line 237: / Line 237: @@
 By understanding how to create straight lines and curves, and by converting anchor points from curves to angles or angles to curves, any image can be traced.
-=Exercise 5: Tracing an image and creating a clipping mask=
+=Exercise 5: Tracing an Image and Creating a Clipping Mask=
 '''Clipping Masks'''
-The Pen Tool is often used in combination with images or vector art to create clipping masks. A clipping mask is used to redefine which parts of an object are revealed to the viewer. They are commonly used on photograhic images to "remove the background" from a figure in the image. For this exercise, place any image onto the template layer and trace it with the Pen Tool on Layer 2. An image of a human figure is a challenge as it always include combinations of curves and straight lines. Included on the disk that accompanies this book is a photograph of a hand in front of a flat wall. First the Pen Tool will be used to draw a path around the arm, then the resultant path is used as a clipping mask to hide the rest of the photograph.
+The Pen Tool is often used in combination with images or vector art to create clipping masks. A clipping mask is used to redefine which parts of an object are revealed to the viewer. They are commonly used on photographic images to "remove the background" from a figure in the image. For this exercise, place any image onto the template layer and trace it with the Pen Tool on Layer 2. An image of a human figure is a challenge as it always include combinations of curves and straight lines. Included on the disk that accompanies this book is a photograph of a hand in front of a flat wall. First the Pen Tool will be used to draw a path around the arm, then the resultant path is used as a clipping mask to hide the rest of the photograph.

@@ Line 207: / Line 207: @@
 Deselect before working on the next exercise.
-=Exercise 4: Curves and angles=
+=Exercise 4: Curves and Angles=
 The last sample on the template is an example of a curve next to an angle, next to a curve, next to an angle, and so on. The Anchor Point Tool is used to create this juxtaposition. This tool becomes active if you place your mouse near an anchor point while drawing a path. It is also available as a separate tool, hidden beneath the Pen Tool in the Tool Palette.
@@ Line 231: / Line 231: @@
 [[File:Fig6 Ex4 05 CC2018.png|500px]]
-'''6.''' Repeat this process until you trace the template.
+'''6.''' Repeat this process until you trace the template. Then press esc to finish the curve.
 [[File:Fig6 Ex4 06 CC2018.png|500px]]

@@ Line 158: / Line 158: @@
 '''Part A: One curve'''
-'''1.''' The first curve is created in two points. The first anchor point is made by clicking and dragging the mouse slightly upward to imply the direction of the curve.  Do not drag all the way over the curve like you are using a pencil or paintbrush, this tool does not work like a pencil or paintbrush. Release the mouse.
+'''1.''' The first curve we are tracing is created in two points. The first anchor point is made by clicking and dragging the mouse slightly upward to imply the direction of the curve.  Do not drag all the way over the curve like you are using a pencil or paintbrush, this tool does not work like a pencil or paintbrush. Release the mouse.
 <table class="infobox">
@@ Line 169: / Line 169: @@
 </table>
-'''2.''' Click once at the end of the curve and drag slightly downward until the curve looks similar to the template.
+'''2.''' Click again near the end of the curve and drag slightly downward until the curve looks similar to the template.
 [[File:Fig6 Ex3 A02 CC2018.png|500px]]
@@ Line 201: / Line 201: @@
 '''Part D: Deleting and adding anchor points'''
-You can click on an anchor point with the Direct Selection Tool and hit the delete key, or if the anchor is in the middle of a path, you can use the Delete Anchor Point Tool (Pen Minus) to click on an anchor point you want to delete. You can use the Add Anchor Point Tool (Pen Plus) to add an anchor point any place on a path if you need to add a curve or hard angle after you’ve finished creating your path with the Pen Tool.
+You can click on an anchor point with the Direct Selection Tool and hit the delete key, or if the anchor is in the middle of a path, you can use the Delete Anchor Point Tool (Pen Minus) to click on an anchor point you want to delete. This tool can be found by holding down on the pen tool in the tool box. You can use the Add Anchor Point Tool (Pen Plus) to add an anchor point any place on a path if you need to add a curve or hard angle after you’ve finished creating your path with the Pen Tool.
 [[File:Fig6 Ex3 D01 CC2018.png|500px]]

@@ Line 63: / Line 63: @@
 [[File:Fig6 Ex1 06 CC2018.png]]
-=Exercise 2: Recreating straight lines with the Pen Tool=
+=Exercise 2: Recreating Straight Lines with the Pen Tool=
 '''1.''' Select the Pen Tool from the Tool Palette. Click and hold your mouse on the tool to see the additional tools used on vector paths.
@@ Line 135: / Line 135: @@
 '''3.''' Set the third anchor point so the area recedes in space, creating a unified perspective between the two shapes.
-'''4.''' Close the path by using your fourth mouse click to return to the first anchor point. If the shape isn’t perfect, you can always go back with the Direct Selection Tool to modify individual anchor points.
+'''4.''' Close the path by using your fifth mouse click to return to the first anchor point. If the shape isn’t perfect, you can always go back with the Direct Selection Tool to modify individual anchor points.

@@ Line 32: / Line 32: @@
 The Pen Tool is prominently used for creating flat graphics or line art. It can be used to make complicated forms by tracing images and combining simple shapes. In addition to contouring and tracing, the Pen Tool is often used to create shapes that are used for masking. The Pen Tool can be a little difficult to learn, as the process of using this tool sometimes feels counter-intuitive. The artist has to know where his/her next point is before plotting it. Visualizing lines, shapes, and space before they exist can be challenging. In this exercise the paintbrush is used to create quick gesture drawings of the lines and shapes that will be recreated accurately with the Pen Tool to eliminate the type of forethought that accompanies the use of this tool. With enough practice on top of template layers, beginners are sure to develop Pen Tool intuition.
-=Exercise 1: Gesture drawings on a template layer=
+=Exercise 1: Gesture Drawings on a Template Layer=
 '''1.''' Start with a new print document in Adobe Illustrator set to standard letter size dimensions.

@@ Line 239: / Line 239: @@
 =Exercise 5: Tracing an image and creating a clipping mask=
-''Clipping Masks''
+'''Clipping Masks'''
 The Pen Tool is often used in combination with images or vector art to create clipping masks. A clipping mask is used to redefine which parts of an object are revealed to the viewer. They are commonly used on photograhic images to "remove the background" from a figure in the image. For this exercise, place any image onto the template layer and trace it with the Pen Tool on Layer 2. An image of a human figure is a challenge as it always include combinations of curves and straight lines. Included on the disk that accompanies this book is a photograph of a hand in front of a flat wall. First the Pen Tool will be used to draw a path around the arm, then the resultant path is used as a clipping mask to hide the rest of the photograph.
-. Create a new layer and turn off the eyeball icons on the other two layers to hide them while you are working on this new exercise.
+'''1.''' Create a new layer and turn off the eyeball icons on the other two layers to hide them while you are working on this new exercise.
-[[File:FIg06_Ex5_01b_CS6.png|FIg06_Ex5_01b_CS6.png]]
+[[File:Fig6 Ex5 01 CC2018.png]]
-. Choose File > Place to place the image of the hand (or any other image) on the new layer.
+'''2.''' Choose File > Place to place the image of the hand (or any other image) on the new layer.
-[[File:FIg06_Ex5_02a_CS6.png|top|400px]]
+[[File:Fig6 Ex5 02 CC2018.png|600px]]
@@ Line 265: / Line 264: @@
 </table>
-. Double-click the icon in the Layer Palette and click on the "Template" checkbox.
+'''3.''' Double-click the icon in the Layer Palette and click on the "Template" checkbox.
 The image will appear dim. Create a new layer above the template layer.
-[[File:FIg06_Ex5_03b_CS6.png|FIg06_Ex5_03b_CS6.png]]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [[File:FIg06_Ex5_03c_CS6.png||]]
+[[File:Fig6 Ex5 03a CC2018.png|400px]]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [[File:Fig6 Ex5 03b CC2018.png|400px]]
-. Use the Pen Tool to trace the hand. Remember to start and stop on the same anchor point. Also remember that the path doesn't have to be perfect, as the Direct Select tool can be used to modify it once it has been created.
+'''4.''' Use the Pen Tool to trace the hand. Remember to start and stop on the same anchor point. Also remember that the path doesn't have to be perfect, as the Direct Select tool can be used to modify it once it has been created.
-[[File:FIg06_Ex5_04_CS6.png|400px]]
+[[File:Fig6 Ex5 04 CC2018.png|600px]]
-. To transform the path into a clipping mask, you will select both the path and the image. First, unlock the template layer. Then use the Selection Tool to click on the path first then hold SHFT and click on the photograph. You will see anchor points around the path you just plotted and on the four corners of the placed photograph. Choose Object > Clipping Mask > Make.
+'''5.''' To transform the path into a clipping mask, you will select both the path and the image. First, unlock the template layer. Then use the Selection Tool to click on the path first then hold SHFT and click on the photograph. You will see anchor points around the path you just plotted and on the four corners of the placed photograph. Choose Object > Clipping Mask > Make.
-[[File:FIg06_Ex5_05a_CS6.png]]
+[[File:Fig6 Ex5 05 CC2018.png|400px]]
@@ Line 294: / Line 293: @@
 </table>
-<br>
 <table class="infobox">
@@ Line 316: / Line 303: @@
 </table>
-. Modifying the clipping mask or the image that is masked is possible, as long as you select just one or the other with the Direct Selection Tool. For first time users, this is not always as easy as it sounds. The most fool-proof way to select the mask and not the image is to use the Layer Palette. Expand Layer 2 on the Layer Palette. Now you have a group that contains the clipping mask and the photographic image. Expand the group so that you can see all of its parts by clicking on the sideways triangle to the left of the word, “Group”, in the Layer Palette. Now you will see the mask and the image.
+'''6.''' Modifying the clipping mask or the image that is masked is possible, as long as you select just one or the other with the Direct Selection Tool. For first time users, this is not always as easy as it sounds. The most fool-proof way to select the mask and not the image is to use the Layer Palette. Expand Layer 2 on the Layer Palette. Now you have a group that contains the clipping mask and the photographic image. Expand the group so that you can see all of its parts by clicking on the sideways triangle to the left of the word, “Group”, in the Layer Palette. Now you will see the mask and the image.
 To the right of each path on a layer there is an area where a small blue box appears if that particular path is selected. Clicking on this part of the Layer Palette will select a path within the Art Board. Click to create a blue box next to the clipping mask in the Layer Palette. You should see the anchor points surrounding the mask within your document. Use the Direct Selection Tool to modify the mask without touching the photographic image.
-[[File:FIg06_Ex5_06_CS6.png]]
+[[File:Fig6 Ex5 06 CC2018.png]]
-. The Selection Tool can be used to move the entire image and mask as one unit, since they are grouped together within the Layer Palette. Once a clipping mask has been made, it will remain grouped in the Layer Palette unless you release it.
+'''7.''' The Selection Tool can be used to move the entire image and mask as one unit, since they are grouped together within the Layer Palette. Once a clipping mask has been made, it will remain grouped in the Layer Palette unless you release it.
-. To delete the clipping mask, click on it with the Selection Tool then choose Object > Clipping Mask > Release. Now both the path that was used as the mask and the image are available as two separate objects. They can be deleted or modified as individual objects.
+'''8.''' To delete the clipping mask, click on it with the Selection Tool then choose Object > Clipping Mask > Release. Now both the path that was used as the mask and the image are available as two separate objects. They can be deleted or modified as individual objects.
-[[File:FIg06_Ex5_08b_CS6.png|400px]]
+[[File:Fig6 Ex5 08 CC2018.png|400px]]

@@ Line 209: / Line 209: @@
 =Exercise 4: Curves and angles=
-The last sample on the template is an example of a curve next to an angle, next to a curve, next to an angle, and so on. The Convert Anchor Point Tool is used to create this juxtaposition. This tool becomes active if you place your mouse near an anchor point while drawing a path. It is also available as a separate tool, hidden beneath the Pen Tool in the Tool Palette.
+The last sample on the template is an example of a curve next to an angle, next to a curve, next to an angle, and so on. The Anchor Point Tool is used to create this juxtaposition. This tool becomes active if you place your mouse near an anchor point while drawing a path. It is also available as a separate tool, hidden beneath the Pen Tool in the Tool Palette.
-. Use the Pen Tool to click once and drag in the direction of the curve at the first anchor point.
+'''1.''' Use the Pen Tool to click once and drag in the direction of the curve at the first anchor point.
-[[File:FIg06_Ex4_01_CS6.png|400px]]
+'''2.''' Click at the second anchor point and drag to finish the first curve.
-. Click at the second anchor point and drag to finish the first curve.
+'''3.''' Now place the Pen Tool close to the anchor point you just created, wait until you see the Anchor Point Tool, then click the mouse. The bezier handle disappears because you no longer have a curve.
-[[File:FIg06_Ex4_02_CS6.png|400px]]
+'''4.''' Click after the next curve and drag the mouse down to create the curve.
-. Now place the Pen Tool close to the anchor point you just created, wait until you see the Convert Anchor Point Tool, then click the mouse. The bezier handle disappears because you no longer have a curve.
+'''5.''' Click on the anchor point to convert it to an angle.
-[[File:FIg06_Ex4_03_CS6.png|400px]]
+'''6.''' Repeat this process until you trace the template.
 By understanding how to create straight lines and curves, and by converting anchor points from curves to angles or angles to curves, any image can be traced.

@@ Line 156: / Line 156: @@
 =Exercise 3: Curves=
-''Part A: One curve''
+'''Part A: One curve'''
 <table class="infobox">
@@ Line 170: / Line 169: @@
 </table>
-. Click once at the end of the curve and drag slightly downward until the curve looks similar to the template.
+'''2.''' Click once at the end of the curve and drag slightly downward until the curve looks similar to the template.
-. Deselect the curve.
+[[File:Fig6 Ex3 A02 CC2018.png|500px]]
 When you are finished you will have one curve with two anchor points. Each anchor point will also have bezier handles, which are used to modify sections of the curved line. With the Direct Selection Tool you can modify the anchor points, the line segments, and each bezier handle. Every curve has a mid-way point, the bezier handles pull on each side of this point.
-[[File:FIg06_Ex3b_01_CS6.png|400px]]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[File:FIg06_Ex3b_02_CS6.png|400px]]
+'''Part C: Two curves in a row'''
-[[File:FIg06_Ex3c_01_CS6.png|400px]]
+[[File:Fig6 Ex3 C01 CC2018.png|500px]]
-. Click at the end of the first curve and drag down with the mouse – this tells the Pen Tool the direction of the next curve. Release the mouse.
+[[File:Fig6 Ex3 C02 CC2018.png|500px]]
-[[File:FIg06_Ex3c_02_CS6.png|400px]]
+[[File:Fig6 Ex3 C03 CC2018.png|500px]]
 When you are working with the Pen Tool, you have to think ahead of the tool, towards the place where the line changes. Where does the curve change directions? This will inform where you click and how you drag the mouse.
-''Part D: Deleting and adding anchor points''
+'''Part D: Deleting and adding anchor points'''
-[[File:FIg06_Ex3d_01_CS6.png]]
+You can click on an anchor point with the Direct Selection Tool and hit the delete key, or if the anchor is in the middle of a path, you can use the Delete Anchor Point Tool (Pen Minus) to click on an anchor point you want to delete. You can use the Add Anchor Point Tool (Pen Plus) to add an anchor point any place on a path if you need to add a curve or hard angle after you’ve finished creating your path with the Pen Tool.
 Deselect before working on the next exercise.

@@ Line 65: / Line 65: @@
 =Exercise 2: Recreating straight lines with the Pen Tool=
-. Select the Pen Tool from the Tool Palette. Click and hold your mouse on the tool to see the additional tools used on vector paths.
+'''1.''' Select the Pen Tool from the Tool Palette. Click and hold your mouse on the tool to see the additional tools used on vector paths.
-[[File:FIg06_Ex2_01_CS6.png]]
+[[File:Fig6 Ex2 01 CC2018.png]]
 The Pen Tool plots anchor points each time you click the mouse.  Click once on the stroke icon at the bottom of the palette and set the stroke to red, so that you will see your work when it sits on top of the black template layer. Set the fill color to none.
-[[File:FIg06_Ex2_02_CS6.png|400px]]
+'''2.''' To make a straight line in red, click one time at the beginning of the black painted line. Release the mouse. Move the mouse to the end of the black line. Click one time. In two clicks, the Pen Tool creates two anchor points and joins the points with a straight line.
-[[File:FIg06_Ex2_03_CS6.png|400px]]
+'''3.''' Once the line is made, it can be modified with the Selection Tool for moving, rotating, or transforming or by the Direct Selection Tool, to modify one anchor point at a time. Deselect the line, then use the Direct Selection Tool to click once on the anchor point at the end of the line and drag it to increase the length of the line.
@@ Line 91: / Line 93: @@
 </table>
-. Use the Selection Tool to select the line and change the weight of the stroke from the Control Palette. Notice how the line can be bold and aggressive with a larger stroke size or faint and slim with a stroke size that is less than 1 point.
+'''4.''' Use the Selection Tool to select the line and change the weight of the stroke from the Control Palette. Notice how the line can be bold and aggressive with a larger stroke size or faint and slim with a stroke size that is less than 1 point.
-. Deselect the line.
+'''5.''' Deselect the line.
-''Part A: Recreate the triangle with the Pen Tool''
+'''Part A: Recreate the triangle with the Pen Tool'''
-. Click once at one corner of the triangle with the Pen Tool. Release the mouse. Click on the next corner of the triangle. Release the mouse. Click on the third corner of the triangle. Release the mouse. The fourth click needs to be exactly where the first anchor point was made.
+'''1.''' Click once at one corner of the triangle with the Pen Tool. Release the mouse. Click on the next corner of the triangle. Release the mouse. Click on the third corner of the triangle. Release the mouse. The fourth click needs to be exactly where the first anchor point was made.
-[[File:FIg06_Ex2a_01_CS6.png|400px]]
+[[File:Fig6 Ex2 A01 CC2018.png|400px]]
 ''Image Caption: Notice in this image that the Pen Tool displays a small o, symbolizing that the path is closed and a whole object is made when the last click with the Pen Tool is made directly on the first anchor point. This is referred to as "closing the path." When a path is closed, or a shape is whole, it is easy to fill the shape with a color using the Selection Tool and the color tool palettes.''
-. Select the triangle with the Selection Tool if it isn’t already selected. Click the curved arrow above the fill and stroke tools in the tool palette. The stroke and fill colors switch places, (in this example, the triangle becomes red with no stroke, as opposed to a triangle with no fill, outlined in red).
+'''2.''' Select the triangle with the Selection Tool if it isn’t already selected. Click the curved arrow above the fill and stroke tools in the tool palette. The stroke and fill colors switch places, (in this example, the triangle becomes red with no stroke, as opposed to a triangle with no fill, outlined in red).
@@ Line 117: / Line 119: @@
 </table>
-[[File:FIg06_Ex2a_02a_CS6.png|400px]]
+[[File:Fig6 Ex2 A02 CC2018.png|600px]]
-''Part B: Modify anchor points using the Direct Selection Tool''
+'''Part B: Modify anchor points using the Direct Selection Tool'''
 Just for practice, use the Direct Selection Tool to modify two anchor points at a time. Click on one anchor point of the triangle. Hold the shift key and click a second anchor point (so one whole side is selected), then begin dragging the mouse to move both anchor points at one time. Alternatively, you can marquee over one side of the triangle, and two anchor points will be selected. You can click and drag with the mouse to move these anchor points, or you can use the up, down, left, and right arrows on the keypad. SHFT + ARROW modifies the placement by ten pixels.
-''Part C: Create a second shape to add dimensionality''
+'''Part C: Create a second shape to add dimensionality'''
-. Begin by creating a second shape (a parallelogram) using the Pen Tool. Plot the first anchor point near the top of the first triangle.
+'''1.''' Begin by creating a second shape (a parallelogram) using the Pen Tool. Plot the first anchor point near the top of the first triangle.
-. Use the edge of the first triangle to help visualize the dimensionality of the second shape. Plot the second anchor point to create a parallel line between the two shapes.
+'''2.''' Use the edge of the first triangle to help visualize the dimensionality of the second shape. Plot the second anchor point to create a parallel line between the two shapes.
-. Set the third anchor point so the area recedes in space, creating a unified perspective between the two shapes.
+'''3.''' Set the third anchor point so the area recedes in space, creating a unified perspective between the two shapes.
-. Close the path by using your fourth mouse click to return to the first anchor point. If the shape isn’t perfect, you can always go back with the Direct Selection Tool to modify individual anchor points.
+'''4.''' Close the path by using your fourth mouse click to return to the first anchor point. If the shape isn’t perfect, you can always go back with the Direct Selection Tool to modify individual anchor points.
-[[File:FIg06_Ex2c_04_CS6.png|400px]]
+[[File:Fig6 Ex2 C04 CC2018.png|400px]]
-''Part D: Atmospheric Perspective''
+'''Part D: Atmospheric Perspective'''
 Stand outside early in the morning or at twilight and look far down the street towards the horizon. Objects that are further away appear less saturated than those that are near. Atmospheric perspective accounts for the perceptual change that happens to the overall opacity of objects as they recede in space.
-. Select the parallelogram and fill it with the same color you used in the triangle.
+'''1.''' Select the parallelogram and fill it with the same color you used in the triangle.
-. Open the Transparency Palette (Window > Transparency). While the parallelogram is still selected, change the transparency to 80%.
+'''2.''' Open the Transparency Palette (Window > Transparency). While the parallelogram is still selected, change the transparency to 80%.
-[[File:FIg06_Ex2d_02_CS6.png|400px]]
+[[File:Fig6 Ex2 D02 CC2018.png|600px]]
 Flat, basic shapes created with the Pen Tool can be combined to imply complicated shapes and three-dimensional space.

@@ Line 42: / Line 42: @@
 <tr>
-<td>''Key Command:'' Another way to deselect in Illustrator is to use the CMD key to access the Select Tool and then click off of the Artboard to deselect.</td>
+<td>''Key Command:'' Another way to deselect in Illustrator is to press V to access the Select Tool and then click off of the Artboard to deselect.</td>
 </tr>